Invia questo articolo per email Note per una definizione del nazionalismo romantico
Notes towards a definition of romantic nationalism
Abstract
Sebbene il concetto di «nazionalismo romantico» stia diventando sempre più diffuso, il suo utilizzo corrente tende ad accentuare la vaghezza inerente ai due termini che ne sono costitutivi, il Romanticismo e il nazionalismo. Il fine di questo articolo è di delineare il concetto in maniera più chiara e definita, e a tale scopo viene qui preso in esame un vasto campione di attività e pratiche nazionaliste declinate in chiave romantica e di produzioni e riflessioni culturali di epoca romantica declinate in chiave nazionalistica provenienti da vari paesi e tratte da diversi tipi di media (letteratura, musica, arti, storiografia e critica). Su tale base si sostiene qui che un fenomeno legittimamente definibile come “nazionalismo romantico” abbia effettivamente preso forma in tutta Europa fra il 1800 e il 1850. Si tratta di un nodo denso e aggrovigliato di connessioni di interessi e di scambi che influenzò diversi paesi, ambiti culturali e media e che in quanto tale occupa una posizione distinta a fianco del nazionalismo post-illuminista da un lato e delle manifestazioni politicamente meno scottanti del Romanticismo dall’altro. A mo’ di conclusione viene proposta una possibile definizione: il nazionalismo romantico è la celebrazione della nazione (definita dalla sua lingua, dalla sua storia e dal suo carattere culturale) come ideale ispiratore dell’espressione artistica e l’utilizzo di tale espressione nelle modalità di elevamento della coscienza politica.
While the concept «Romantic nationalism» is becoming widespread, its current usage tends to compound the vagueness inherent in its two constituent terms, Romanticism and nationalism. In order to come to a more focused understanding of the concept, this article surveys a wide sample of Romantically inflected nationalist activities and practices, and nationalistically inflected cultural productions and reflections of Romantic vintage, drawn from various media (literature, music, the arts, critical and historical writing) and from different countries. On that basis, it is argued that something which can legitimately be called ‘Romantic nationalism’ indeed took shape Europe-wide between 1800 and 1850. A dense and intricately connected node of concerns and exchanges, it affected different countries, cultural fields, and media, and as such it takes up a distinct position alongside political and post-Enlightenment nationalism on the one hand, and the less politically-charged manifestations of Romanticism on the other. A possible definition is suggested by way of the conclusion: Romantic nationalism is the celebration of the nation (defined by its language, history, and cultural character) as an inspiring ideal for artistic expression; and the instrumentalization of that expression in ways of raising the political consciousness.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15162/2282-5681/1397
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