La riconciliazione in società profondamente divise: lezioni sudafricane per l’Irlanda del Nord?

Reconciliation in deeply divided societies: South African lessons for Northern Ireland?

Adrian Guelke

Abstract


Una notevole differenza tra il Sudafrica e l’Irlanda del Nord, a partire rispettivamente dalla transizione verso la democrazia e dall’Accordo del Venerdì Santo, è rappresentata dal modo in cui le recriminazioni sui passati atti di violenza hanno dominato il discorso pubblico in Irlanda del Nord, pur essendo relativamente assenti da quello sudafricano. L’articolo esamina il ruolo giocato dalla Commissione per la Verità e la Riconciliazione sudafricana per ottenere questo risultato, pur sostenendo che le ragioni della differenza tra questi due casi vanno oltre i meccanismi che le due società hanno adottato, o non hanno adottato, per affrontare l’eredità del passato. Le lezioni che potrebbero essere tratte dall’analisi dei due casi vengono anche considerate alla luce della diversa natura dei due sistemi politici e delle loro principali linee di frattura.


A striking contrast between South Africa and Northern Ireland since the transition to democracy and the Good Friday Agreement respectively has been the extent to which recriminations about past acts of violence have dominated discourse in Northern Ireland while being relatively absent in South Africa.  The paper examines the contribution of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission to this outcome, but argues that the reasons for the difference go beyond the mechanisms the two societies have adopted or failed to adopt for addressing legacies of the past.  The lessons that might be drawn from the two cases are also considered in the context both of the different nature of the political settlements in the two societies and the basis of their principal cleavages. 


Parole chiave


Riconciliazione; società divise; conflitti; Sudafrica; Irlanda del Nord; reconciliation; divided societies; conflicts; South Africa; Northern Ireland

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Riferimenti bibliografici


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15162/2282-5681/1686

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